The concept of marrying one’s cousin evokes a range of reactions: curiosity, surprise, perhaps even disapproval. While cousin marriage is accepted in many parts of the world, it is regulated or prohibited in various jurisdictions. In the United States, the legality of marrying your cousin varies state by state. So where does Pennsylvania stand on the issue?
The Law in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania explicitly prohibits first-cousin marriages. The relevant section of the Pennsylvania Statutes, Title 23 (Domestic Relations) states:
“A man may not marry any of his lineal descendants, or his sister, or the daughter or granddaughter of his brother or sister. A woman may not marry any of her lineal descendants, or her brother, or the son or grandson of her brother or sister…” [23 Pa.C.S.A. § 1703]
This law clearly identifies first cousins as being too closely related to legally marry within the state.
Historical and Cultural Context of Cousin Marriage
Historically, cousin marriages were relatively common in many societies, including Europe and the United States. Reasons for such unions included:
- Keeping wealth and property within the family: This prevented the fragmentation of family assets.
- Strengthening social alliances: Marriage could solidify connections between families.
- Geographic limitations: In smaller communities, the pool of potential spouses was more limited.
However, changing social attitudes, particularly in the Western world, have led to a decline in cousin marriages. This is partly due to increased awareness of potential genetic risks.
Scientific Implications of Cousin Marriage
The primary scientific concern regarding cousin marriage stems from the increased likelihood of recessive genetic disorders in offspring. First cousins share approximately 12.5% of their genes. If both carry a recessive gene mutation for the same disorder, their child has a 25% chance of inheriting both copies and developing the condition.
While the risk is higher for first-cousin couples, it’s important to put this in perspective. The general population risk of having a child with a birth defect is around 3-4%. For first cousins, this risk increases, but the exact amount depends on several factors, including family history.
Some argue that risks are overstated and responsible genetic counseling can mitigate potential issues.
Ethical Considerations
The legality of cousin marriage raises complex ethical questions that encompass individual rights, societal norms, and the potential for harm.
- Personal Liberty: Proponents of cousin marriage may argue that the government should not intrude upon individuals’ right to choose their spouse.
- Social Concerns: Opponents often express concerns about the impact on public health and social norms.
- Informed Consent: The importance of couples being fully aware of potential risks before deciding to have children.
Alternatives for Cousins in Love
If a first-cousin couple in Pennsylvania desires a legally recognized union, they have a few options:
- Move to a state where cousin marriage is legal: Several states within the US do permit first-cousin marriage.
- Commitment ceremony: A couple could hold a commitment ceremony to celebrate their love, even if they cannot obtain a marriage license.
- Long-term committed relationship: Choosing to build a life together without the legal framework of marriage.
Conclusion
The legality of cousin marriage in Pennsylvania highlights the intersection of law, science, and ethics. Pennsylvania’s prohibition of first-cousin marriage reflects broader social shifts and concerns about the potential for genetic risks. While the practice was once more common, its current legal status in Pennsylvania is unlikely to change significantly in the near future.
It’s crucial to note that the decision of whether or not to marry a cousin is deeply personal. Those considering such a union must weigh individual desires against legal restrictions, potential health implications, and societal attitudes.
